The Universal Scholar Journal

1. COPYRIGHT OWNERSHIP

Copyright in the manuscript remains with the author(s). By submitting the manuscript, the author(s) grant The Universal Scholar Journal (TUSJ) the right of first publication and the non-exclusive right to publish, reproduce, distribute, display, archive, index, and make the article publicly available in print, electronic, digital, online, and other formats associated with scholarly publication. This publishing permission does not constitute a transfer of copyright ownership from the author(s) to TUSJ.

2. CREATIVE COMMONS ATTRIBUTION 4.0 (CC BY 4.0)

Upon publication, the article will be made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). Under CC BY 4.0, users may share, copy, redistribute, remix, transform, and build upon the article, including for commercial purposes, provided that appropriate attribution is given, a link to the license is provided, and any changes made to the original work are indicated. License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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Unless otherwise indicated, the original content created by the author(s) in the published article is covered by the CC BY 4.0 license. Third-party material, including photographs, illustrations, figures, tables, maps, screenshots, datasets, quotations, logos, or other material for which the author(s) do not own the necessary rights, may be subject to separate copyright or licensing terms. The author(s) are responsible for identifying third-party material appropriately and obtaining any necessary permission for its publication and reuse.

4.REPLACE THE CURRENT “COPYRIGHT TRANSFER” SECTION

AUTHOR COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE Copyright remains with the author(s). The author(s) grant The Universal Scholar Journal (TUSJ) the right of first publication and the necessary rights to publish and disseminate the article. The published article will be made available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Unless otherwise indicated, the original content of the article is covered by CC BY 4.0. Third-party material may be subject to separate copyright or licensing terms and is not necessarily covered by this license.