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The Universal Scholar Journal

International Peer-Reviewed | Open Access | Multidisciplinary Research

ISSN 3139-4981
Article | Open Access

Sleep Apnea: Mechanisms, Diagnosis, and Evolving Interventions

Mandeep Singh Bangoo & Manmohit Singh
Keywords: Sleep Apnea, Obstructive Sleep Apnea, Central Sleep Apnea, Sleep-Disordered Breathing, Pathophysiology, Polysomnography, Apnea-Hypopnea Index, Cardiovascular Complications, Continuous Positive Airway Pressure, Hypoglossal Nerve Stimulation, Neuromodulation, Sleep Medicine
Abstract
Sleep apnea is a common disease but often overlooked one that is a form of sleep disordered breathing in which breathing stops periodically during the night while asleep. The periodic stopping causes hypoxemia and fragmented sleep. It results in serious daytime disability and increased risk of heart disease. This article examines the pathophysiology of the two main types, obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea, along with current diagnostics and treatment options for the disease. This paper uses new epidemiological statistics and clinical trials to give an in-depth look at the global prevalence of the disease and new treatment methods such as hypoglossal nerve stimulation.
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